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Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1. Kelly Anton. Mark Dyer. Adobe InDesign Classroom in a Book release. Then press Enter or Return to commit the change and remove the transformation bounding box.
As you resize the object, the selection marquee resizes, too. Use the Move tool to reposition the screw after resizing it, so that it is centered in the corner of the shadowbox frame. Moving and duplicating a selection simultaneously You can move and duplicate a selection at the same time. If the screw is no longer selected, reselect it now, using the techniques you learned earlier. The pointer changes, displaying the usual black arrow and an additional white arrow, which indicates that a duplicate will be made when you move the selection.
Continue holding down the Alt or Option key as you drag a duplicate of the screw straight up to the top right corner of the frame. Pressing the Shift key as you move a selection constrains the movement horizontally or vertically in degree increments. Repeat step 3 to drag a fourth screw to the lower left corner of the frame. Copying selections You can use the Move tool to copy selections as you drag them within or between images, or you can copy and move selections using the Copy, Copy Merged, Paste, and Paste Into commands.
Dragging with the Move tool saves memory, because the clipboard is not used as it is with the commands. The source selection is pasted onto a new layer, and the destination selection border is converted into a layer mask.
Keep in mind that when a selection is pasted between images with different resolutions, the pasted data retains its pixel dimensions. This can make the pasted portion appear out of proportion to the new image. Use the Image Size command to make the source and destination images the same resolution before copying and pasting.
Select the Crop tool , or press C to switch from the current tool to the Crop tool. Photoshop displays a crop boundary around the entire image. In the options bar, make sure Ratio is selected in the Preset pop-up menu and that there are no ratio values specified. Then confirm that Delete Cropped Pixels is selected. When Ratio is selected but no ratio values are specified, you can crop the image with any proportions.
Drag the crop handles so that the shadowbox is in the highlighted area, omitting the backgrounds from the original objects at the bottom of the image. Tip To crop an image with its original proportions intact, choose Original Ratio from the Preset pop-up menu in the options bar.
The shadowbox is complete! How do you add to and subtract from a selection? What does the Quick Selection tool do? How does the Magic Wand tool determine which areas of an image to select?
What is tolerance, and how does it affect a selection? Only the area within an active selection can be edited. To add to a selection, click the Add To Selection button in the options bar, and then click the area you want to add. To subtract from a selection, click the Subtract From Selection button in the options bar, and then click the area you want to subtract.
You can also add to a selection by pressing Shift as you drag or click; to subtract, press Alt Windows or Option Mac OS as you drag or click. The Quick Selection tool expands outward from where you click to automatically find and follow defined edges in the image.
The Magic Wand tool selects adjacent pixels based on their similarity in color. The Tolerance value determines how many color tones the Magic Wand tool will select. The higher the tolerance setting, the more tones are selected. This lesson will take less than an hour to complete. Each layer can then be edited as discrete artwork, giving you tremendous flexibility as you compose and revise an image.
About layers Every Photoshop file contains one or more layers. New files are generally created with a background layer, which contains a color or an image that shows through the transparent areas of subsequent layers. All new layers in an image are transparent until you add text or artwork pixel values.
Working with layers is analogous to placing portions of a drawing on clear sheets of film, such as those viewed with an overhead projector: Individual sheets may be edited, repositioned, and deleted without affecting the other sheets.
When the sheets are stacked, the entire composition is visible. When prompted, click Yes to delete the Adobe Photoshop Settings file.
Then double-click the Lesson04 folder in the Content panel to see its contents. Study the 04End. This layered composite represents a postcard.
You will create it in this lesson as you learn how to create, edit, and manage layers. Double-click the 04Start. Saving another version of the start file frees you to make changes without worrying about overwriting the original. Using the Layers panel The Layers panel lists all the layers in an image, displaying the layer names and thumbnails of the content on each layer. You can use the Layers panel to hide, view, reposition, delete, rename, and merge layers.
The layer thumbnails are automatically updated as you edit the layers. The Layers panel lists five layers for the 04Working. If you click the eye, the image window no longer displays that layer. The first task for this project is to add a photo of the beach to the postcard. Tip Use the context menu to hide or resize the layer thumbnail. Right-click Windows or Control-click Mac OS a thumbnail in the Layers panel to open the context menu, and then choose a thumbnail size.
The Layers panel changes to display the layer information for the active Beach. Notice that only one layer appears in the Beach. An image can have only one background layer. You cannot change the stacking order of a background layer, its blending mode, or its opacity.
You can, however, convert a background layer to a regular layer. To convert a background layer into a regular layer: 1. Click the lock icon next to the layer name. Rename the layer. To convert a regular layer into a background layer: 1.
Select a layer in the Layers panel. Renaming and copying a layer To add content to an image and simultaneously create a new layer for it, drag an object or layer from one file into the image window of another file.
Whether you drag from the image window of the original file or from its Layers panel, only the active layer is reproduced in the destination file. Before you begin, make sure that both the 04Working. Keep the layer selected. Photoshop displays both of the open image files.
Select the Beach. Select the Move tool , and use it to drag the Beach. Tip If you hold down Shift as you drag an image from one file into another, the dragged image automatically centers itself in the target image window.
The Beach layer now appears in the 04Working. Photoshop always adds new layers directly above the selected layer; you selected the Background layer earlier. Close the Beach. Tip Need images for a project like this one? If you purchase the images, Photoshop replaces the placeholders with high-resolution images. Viewing individual layers The 04Working. Some of the layers are visible and some are hidden. The eye icon next to a layer thumbnail in the Layers panel indicates that the layer is visible.
Click the eye icon next to the Pineapple layer to hide the image of the pineapple. Select the Beach layer. To select the layer, click the layer name in the Layers panel. The layer is highlighted, indicating that it is active. Changes you make in the image window affect the active layer. To make the opaque areas on this layer more obvious, hide all layers except the Beach layer: Press Alt Windows or Option Mac OS as you click the eye icon next to the Beach layer.
The white background and other objects in the image disappear, leaving only the beach image against a checkerboard background. The checkerboard indicates transparent areas of the active layer. The Layer Style dialog box opens. Click OK. A white border appears around the beach photo. Rearranging layers The order in which the layers of an image are organized is called the stacking order.
The stacking order determines how the image is viewed—you can change the order to make certain parts of the image appear in front of or behind other layers. The beach image is almost entirely blocked by images on other layers.
Changing the opacity of a layer You can reduce the opacity of any layer to reveal the layers below it. In this case, the postmark is too dark on the flower. Select the Postage layer, and then click the arrow next to the Opacity field to display the Opacity slider.
You can also type 25 in the Opacity box or scrub the Opacity label. Notice that the change in opacity affects only the image area of the Postage layer.
Duplicating a layer and changing the blending mode You can apply different blending modes to a layer. Blending modes affect how the color pixels on one layer blend with pixels on the layers underneath.
Currently, the blending mode for both layers is Normal. Right-click or Control-click the Pineapple layer, and choose Duplicate Layer from the context menu. Click OK in the Duplicate Layer dialog box. Blending modes Blending modes affect how the color pixels on one layer blend with pixels on the layers beneath them. The default blending mode, Normal, hides pixels beneath the top layer unless the top layer is partially or completely transparent. Each of the other blending modes let you control the way the pixels in the layers interact with each other.
Often, the best way to see how a blending mode affects your image is simply to try it. You can easily experiment with different blending modes in the Layers panel, applying one after another to compare the effects. As you begin experimenting, keep in mind how different groups of blending modes affect an image. Patterns or colors overlay the existing pixels while preserving the highlights and shadows of the underlying layers.
With the Pineapple copy layer selected, choose Overlay from the Blending Modes menu in the Layers panel. The Overlay blending mode blends the Pineapple copy layer with the Pineapple layer beneath it to create a vibrant, more colorful pineapple with deeper shadows and brighter highlights. Select the Postage layer, and choose Multiply from the Blending Modes menu. The Multiply blending mode multiplies the colors in the underlying layers with the color in the top layer.
In this case, the postmark becomes a little stronger. Resizing and rotating layers You can resize and transform layers. Click the Visibility column on the Beach layer to make the layer visible. A Transform bounding box appears around the beach image. The bounding box has handles on each corner and each side. Watch the Width and Height percentages in the options bar.
With the bounding box still active, position the pointer just outside one of the corner handles until it becomes a curved double arrow. Drag clockwise to rotate the beach image approximately 15 degrees. You can also enter 15 in the Set Rotation box in the options bar. Click the Commit Transform button in the options bar.
Make the Flower layer visible. Then, select the Move tool , and drag the beach photo so that its corner is tucked neatly beneath the flower, as in the illustration. Adding empty layers to a file is comparable to adding blank sheets of film to a stack of images.
In the Layers panel, select the Background layer to make it active, and then click the Create A New Layer button at the bottom of the Layers panel. A new layer, named Layer 1, appears between the Background and Pineapple layers. The layer has no content, so it has no effect on the image. Double-click the name Layer 1, type Clouds, and press Enter or Return to rename the layer.
In the Tools panel, click the foreground color swatch, select a sky blue color from the Color Picker, and click OK. The Background Color remains white.
Realistic-looking clouds appear behind the image. Dragging to add a new layer You can add a layer to an image by dragging an image file from the desktop, Bridge, or Explorer Windows or the Finder Mac OS.
In Photoshop, select the Pineapple copy layer in the Layers panel to make it the active layer. Then navigate to the Lesson04 folder. Select Flower2. The Flower2 layer appears in the Layers panel, directly above the Pineapple copy layer. Photoshop places the image as a Smart Object, which is a layer you can edit without making permanent changes. Tip You can drag images from a Bridge window to Photoshop as easily as you can drag from the Windows or Mac desktop.
Position the Flower2 layer in the lower left corner of the postcard, so that about half of the top flower is visible. Click the Commit Transform button in the options bar to accept the layer. Then click the Commit Any Current Edits button in the options bar. This layer is at the top of the layer stack.
Note If you make a mistake when you click to set the type, simply click away from the type and repeat step 4. In the Tools panel, select the Gradient tool. The text has been rasterized. The Background Color should still be white. In the options bar, make sure that Linear Gradient is selected. Tip To list the gradient options by name rather than by sample, click the menu button in the gradient picker, and choose either Small List or Large List. Or, hover the pointer over a thumbnail until a tool tip appears, showing the gradient name.
In the options bar, click the arrow next to the Gradient Editor box to open the Gradient Picker. With the selection still active, drag the Gradient tool from the bottom to the top of the letters. If you want to be sure you drag straight up, press the Shift key as you drag. The gradient extends across the type, starting with orange at the bottom and gradually blending to white at the top. Applying a layer style You can enhance a layer by adding a shadow, stroke, satin sheen, or other special effect from a collection of automated and editable layer styles.
These styles are easy to apply, and they link directly to the layer you specify. Like layers, layer styles can be hidden by clicking eye icons in the Layers panel.
Layer styles are nondestructive, so you can edit or remove them at any time. You can apply a copy of a layer style to a different layer by dragging the effect onto the destination layer. Earlier, you used a layer style to add a stroke to the beach photo. In the Layer Style dialog box, make sure that the Preview option is selected, and then, if necessary, move the dialog box so that you can see the Island Paradise text in the image window.
Tip You can also open the Layer Style dialog box by clicking the Add A Layer Style button at the bottom of the Layers panel and then choosing a layer style, such as Bevel And Emboss, from the pop-up menu. If you set a lighting angle in one of these effects, every other effect with Use Global Light selected inherits the same angle setting. Angle determines the lighting angle at which the effect is applied to the layer.
Distance determines the offset distance for a shadow or satin effect. Size determines how far the shadow extends. Click OK to accept the settings and close the Layer Style dialog box. Photoshop nests the layer style in the Island Paradise layer.
First it lists Effects, and then the layer styles applied to the layer. An eye icon appears next to the effect category and next to each effect. To turn off an effect, click its eye icon. Click the visibility column again to restore the effect.
To hide all layer styles, click the eye icon next to Effects. To collapse the list of effects, click the arrow next to the layer. Make sure that eye icons appear for both items nested in the Island Paradise layer. Blending effects Blending layers in a different order or on different groups changes the effect. You can apply a blending mode to an entire layer group and get a very different result than if you apply the same blending mode to each of the layers individually.
When a blending mode is applied to a group, Photoshop treats the group as a single merged object and then applies the blending mode. Experiment with blending modes to get the effect you want.
Click OK to apply the stroke. Do not click OK. With the Layer Style dialog box still open, click the word Satin on the left to select it and display its options. The Satin layer effect applies interior shading to create a satiny finish. The contour controls the shape of the effect; Invert flips the contour curve. Extra credit Using an effect more than once in a layer style A great way to add visual impact to a design element is to apply multiple instances of effects such as strokes, glows, or shadows.
Open 04End. Now for the fun part! You can adjust your second drop shadow to change options such as color, size, and opacity. In the Drop Shadow options, click the color swatch, move the pointer outside the Layer Style dialog box so that the pointer changes into an eyedropper, and click the bottom flower to sample its pink color.
Then match the Drop Shadow settings as shown below, and click OK. Click OK to apply both layer styles. Adding an adjustment layer Adjustment layers can be added to an image to apply color and tonal adjustments without permanently changing the pixel values in the image.
For example, if you add a Color Balance adjustment layer to an image, you can experiment with different colors repeatedly, because the change occurs only on the adjustment layer. If you decide to return to the original pixel values, you can hide or delete the adjustment layer. Select the Flower2 layer in the Layers panel. The effect is interesting, but you want to change only the Flower2 layer.
Note Be sure to click the layer name, not the thumbnail, to see the appropriate context menu. An arrow appears in the Layers panel, indicating that the adjustment layer applies only to the Flower2 layer. Updating layer effects Layer effects are automatically updated when you make changes to a layer. You can edit the text and watch how the layer effect tracks the change. Select the Island Paradise layer in the Layers panel.
In the options bar, set the font size to 32 points, and press Enter or Return. Tip You can search for layers in the Layers panel by layer type, layer name, effect, mode, attribute, and color. As you edit the text, the layer styles are applied to the new text. Adding a border The Hawaii postcard is nearly done. The elements are almost all arranged correctly in the composition. A pixel border is selected around the entire image. Double-click the Layer 1 name in the Layers panel, and rename the layer Border.
Flattening and saving files When you finish editing all the layers in your image, you can merge or flatten layers to reduce the file size. Flattening combines all the layers into a single background layer. To appreciate what flattening does, notice the two numbers for the file size in the status bar at the bottom of the image window. The first number represents what the file size would be if you flattened the image. The second number represents the file size without flattening.
This lesson file, if flattened, would be 2—3MB, but the current file is much larger. So flattening is well worth it in this case. Note If the sizes do not appear in the status bar, click the status bar pop-up menu arrow, and choose Document Sizes. In the Duplicate Image dialog box, name the file 04Flat. Leave the 04Flat. Choose Flatten Image from the Layers panel menu. Only one layer, named Background, remains in the Layers panel. You have saved two versions of the file: a one-layer, flattened copy as well as the original file, in which all the layers remain intact.
This lesson only begins to explore the vast possibilities and the flexibility you gain when you master the art of using Photoshop layers. About layer comps Layer comps provide one-click flexibility in switching between different views of a multilayered image file.
A layer comp is simply a definition of the settings in the Layers panel. Then, by switching from one layer comp to another, you can quickly review the two designs. The beauty of layer comps becomes apparent when you want to demonstrate a number of possible design arrangements. You might have the French text on one layer, and the English text on another in the same image file.
To create two different layer comps, you would simply turn on visibility for the French layer and turn off visibility for the English layer, and then click the Create New Layer Comp button in the Layer Comps panel.
To view the different layer comps, click the Layer Comp box for each comp in the Layer Comps panel in turn. Layer comps can be an especially valuable feature when the design is in flux or when you need to create multiple versions of the same image file. If some aspects need to stay consistent among layer comps, you can change the visibility, position, or appearance of one layer in a layer comp and then sync it to see that change reflected in all the other layer comps.
Extra credit Merging photos Take the blinking and bad poses out of an otherwise great family portrait with the Auto-Align Layers feature. Open FamilyPhoto. In the Layers panel, turn Layer 2 on and off to see the two similar photos.
When both layers are visible, Layer 2 shows the tall man in the center blinking, and the two girls in the front looking away. Make both layers visible, and Shift-click to select them.
Toggle the eye icon next to Layer 2 off and on to see that the layers are perfectly aligned. Select the Eraser tool in the Tools panel, and pick a soft, pixel brush in the options bar. Use the Eraser tool on the two girls looking away, revealing the image below, where they look into the camera. What is the advantage of using layers? When you create a new layer, where does it appear in the Layers panel stack?
How can you make artwork on one layer appear in front of artwork on another layer? How can you apply a layer style? Layers let you move and edit different parts of an image as discrete objects.
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